mysql主從復制，半同步復制，并行復制，讀寫分離，分布式mysql配置
一、主從復制（常用方法）
1、主從復制（異步復制）過程
1.主數據庫（Master）將變更信息寫入到二進制日志文件中，這里需要注意的是舊版本的MySQL數據庫默認是不開啟二進制日志的，強烈建議在安裝好數據庫啟動之前一定要先檢查一下二進制日志文件是否開啟，即使不做主從復制架構也要開啟，否則當數據庫啟動之后再開啟二進制日志時需要重新啟動數據庫。
2.從數據庫（Slave）開啟一個IO工作線程，通過該IO線程與主數據庫建立一個普通客戶端連接，主數據庫會啟動一個二進制日志轉儲線程（binglog dump thread），從數據庫的IO線程通過這個轉儲線程讀取主庫上的變更事件，并將變更事件記錄到中繼日志中（relay_log），如果從數據庫的IO線程讀取速度追趕上主庫的事件變更，在沒有得到新變更的通知時，IO線程會進入Sleep狀態。
3.從數據庫還會啟動一個SQL Thread線程，這個線程從中繼日志（relay_log）中讀取變更事件，并將變更同步到從數據庫中。同時，可以通過配置選項，除了將變更存儲到數據庫中，也可以將變更事件同時存儲在從數據庫的二進制日志中
缺點
mysql主從復制存在的問題：
主庫宕機后，數據可能丟失
從庫只有一個sql Thread，主庫寫壓力大，復制很可能延時
2、主從復制配置
配置環境
master機：server1（172.25.254.1）
slave機：server2（172.25.254.2）
1、master機和slave機安裝mysql
slave機同master機
[root@server1 ~]# ls
mysql-5.7.17-1.el6.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
mysql-community-client-5.7.17-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-common-5.7.17-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-devel-5.7.17-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-embedded-5.7.17-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-embedded-devel-5.7.17-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-5.7.17-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.17-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-server-5.7.17-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-test-5.7.17-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
[root@server1 ~]# yum install mysql-community-client-5.7.17-1.el6.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-common-5.7.17-1.el6.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-libs-5.7.17-1.el6.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.17-1.el6.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-server-5.7.17-1.el6.x86_64.rpm -y2、mysql初始化配置
slave機通master機
[root@server1 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start ##開啟mysql
Initializing MySQL database: [ OK ]
Installing validate password plugin: [ OK ]
Starting mysqld: [ OK ]
[root@server1 ~]# grep password /var/log/mysqld.log ##mysql開啟時會生成在臨時密碼，可在日志中找到
2018-07-06T16:24:35.681054Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: 6daOpiXZ/70r ##臨時密碼
2018-07-06T16:25:52.144630Z 0 [Note] Execution of init_file '/var/lib/mysql/install-validate-password-plugin.kQ4uRR.sql' started.
2018-07-06T16:25:52.335081Z 0 [Note] Execution of init_file '/var/lib/mysql/install-validate-password-plugin.kQ4uRR.sql' ended.
2018-07-06T16:25:54.406557Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'sha256_password'
2018-07-06T16:25:54.406560Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'mysql_native_password'
2018-07-06T16:25:56.577087Z 3 [Note] Access denied for user 'UNKNOWN_MYSQL_USER'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
[root@server1 ~]# mysql_secure_installation ##初始化3、master機配置
[root@server1 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
29 server-id=1
30 log-bin=mysql-bin ##開啟二進制日志
[root@server1 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
Stopping mysqld: [ OK ]
Starting mysqld: [ OK ]
[root@server1 ~]# mysql -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 5
Server version: 5.7.17-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to wuyanzu@'172.25.254.%' identified by 'Wuyanzu+007'; ##授權
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.11 sec)
mysql> flush privileges; ##同步
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.10 sec)
mysql> show master status; ##查看master機狀態
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 | 603 | | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> 4、slave機配置
[root@server2 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
29 server-id=2
[root@server2 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
Stopping mysqld: [ OK ]
Starting mysqld:
[root@server2 ~]# mysql -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.17 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> change master to master_host='172.25.254.1',master_user='wuyanzu',master_password='Wuyanzu+007',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',master_log_pos=603; ##和master機建立認證
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (1.02 sec)
mysql> start slave; ##開啟slave
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.67 sec)
mysql> show slave status\G; ##查看
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 172.25.254.1
Master_User: wuyanzu
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 603
Relay_Log_File: server2-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 320
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 603
Relay_Log_Space: 529
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
Master_UUID: 0e09c92a-8139-11e8-9d84-52540013d792
Master_Info_File: /var/lib/mysql/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)如果 Slave_IO_Running 是 Connecting，原因：網絡、授權、log_file/log_pos
5、測試
master機寫入數據：
mysql> create database user;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.14 sec)
mysql> use user;
Database changed
mysql> create table usertb;
ERROR 1113 (42000): A table must have at least 1 column
mysql> create table usertb (
-> username varchar(20) not null,
-> age varchar(4) not null);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (1.04 sec)
mysql> show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_user |
+----------------+
| usertb |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into usertb values('wuyanzu','18');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.42 sec)
mysql> select * from usertb;
+----------+-----+
| username | age |
+----------+-----+
| wuyanzu | 18 |
+----------+-----+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)slave機查看：
mysql> select * from user.usertb;
+----------+-----+
| username | age |
+----------+-----+
| wuyanzu | 18 |
+----------+-----+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)二、GTID方式配置主從復制
1、slave機配置
關閉slave，修改配置文件，重新配置
mysql> stop slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)
mysql> ^DBye
[root@server2 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
29 server-id=2
30 gtid_mode = ON
31 enforce-gtid-consistency = true
[root@server2 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
Stopping mysqld: [ OK ]
Starting mysqld: [ OK ]2、master機配置
[root@server1 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
29 server-id=1
30 log-bin=mysql-bin
31 gtid_mode = ON
32 enforce-gtid-consistency = true
[root@server1 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
Stopping mysqld: [ OK ]
Starting mysqld: [ OK ]
[root@server1 ~]# mysql -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.17-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000002 | 154 | | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into user.usertb values('chenguanxi','19');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.38 sec)
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+----------------------------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+----------------------------------------+
| mysql-bin.000002 | 422 | | | 0e09c92a-8139-11e8-9d84-52540013d792:1 |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+----------------------------------------+3、slave機做認證配置
root@server2 ~]# mysql -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 6
Server version: 5.7.17 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> stop slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)
mysql> change master to master_host='172.25.254.1',master_user='wuyanzu',master_password='Wuyanzu+007',master_auto_position=1;
Quemysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.54 sec)
mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 172.25.254.1
Master_User: wuyanzu
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 422
Relay_Log_File: server2-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 635
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 422
Relay_Log_Space: 844
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
Master_UUID: 0e09c92a-8139-11e8-9d84-52540013d792
Master_Info_File: /var/lib/mysql/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set: 0e09c92a-8139-11e8-9d84-52540013d792:1
Executed_Gtid_Set: 0e09c92a-8139-11e8-9d84-52540013d792:1
Auto_Position: 1
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
ry OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.44 sec)4、測試
1、master機寫入
mysql> insert into user.usertb values('zhoujielun','20');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.25 sec)
mysql> select * from user.usertb;
+------------+-----+
| username | age |
+------------+-----+
| wuyanzu | 18 |
| chenguanxi | 19 |
| zhoujielun | 20 |
+------------+-----+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)2、slave機查看
mysql> select * from user.usertb;
+------------+-----+
| username | age |
+------------+-----+
| wuyanzu | 18 |
| chenguanxi | 19 |
| zhoujielun | 20 |
+------------+-----+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)主從復制效果達到
三、半同步復制
1、原理
2、在GTID主從復制的基礎上導入半同步模塊模塊
1、master機：
mysql> install plugin rpl_semi_sync_master soname 'semisync_master.so'; ##導入半同步master模塊
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)
mysql> set global rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled=1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show variables like 'rpl%';
+-------------------------------------------+------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+-------------------------------------------+------------+
| rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled | ON |
| rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout | 10000 |
| rpl_semi_sync_master_trace_level | 32 |
| rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_for_slave_count | 1 |
| rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_no_slave | ON |
| rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_point | AFTER_SYNC |
| rpl_stop_slave_timeout | 31536000 |
+-------------------------------------------+------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show status like 'rpl%';
+--------------------------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------------------------+-------+
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_clients | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_net_avg_wait_time | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_net_wait_time | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_net_waits | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_no_times | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_no_tx | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_status | ON |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_timefunc_failures | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_tx_avg_wait_time | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_tx_wait_time | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_tx_waits | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_pos_backtraverse | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_sessions | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_yes_tx | 0 |
+--------------------------------------------+-------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)2、slave機配置
mysql> select * from mysql.gtid_executed;
+--------------------------------------+----------------+--------------+
| source_uuid | interval_start | interval_end |
+--------------------------------------+----------------+--------------+
| 0e09c92a-8139-11e8-9d84-52540013d792 | 1 | 1 |
| 0e09c92a-8139-11e8-9d84-52540013d792 | 2 | 2 |
+--------------------------------------+----------------+--------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> install plugin rpl_semi_sync_slave soname 'semisync_slave.so';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)
mysql> show variables like 'rpl%';
+---------------------------------+----------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------------------------+----------+
| rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled | OFF |
| rpl_semi_sync_slave_trace_level | 32 |
| rpl_stop_slave_timeout | 31536000 |
+---------------------------------+----------+
3 rows in set (0.02 sec)
mysql> set global rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled=1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show variables like 'rpl%';
+---------------------------------+----------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------------------------+----------+
| rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled | ON |
| rpl_semi_sync_slave_trace_level | 32 |
| rpl_stop_slave_timeout | 31536000 |
+---------------------------------+----------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> show status like 'rpl%';
+----------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------------------+-------+
| Rpl_semi_sync_slave_status | OFF |
+----------------------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> stop slave io_thread; ##重新開啟io線程，使它完全打開
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> start slave io_thread;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show status like 'rpl%';
+----------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------------------+-------+
| Rpl_semi_sync_slave_status | ON |
+----------------------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)3、測試
master機寫入數據，并接受到slave機返回的ack值
mysql> insert into user.usertb values('liudehua','21');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.26 sec)
mysql> show status like 'rpl%';
+--------------------------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------------------------+-------+
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_clients | 1 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_net_avg_wait_time | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_net_wait_time | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_net_waits | 1 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_no_times | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_no_tx | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_status | ON |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_timefunc_failures | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_tx_avg_wait_time | 1372 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_tx_wait_time | 1372 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_tx_waits | 1 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_pos_backtraverse | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_sessions | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_yes_tx | 1 |
+--------------------------------------------+-------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)將slave機的io線程停掉，master機寫入數據，會默認等待10s，如果超時還未等到slave機的ack，將自動切換到異步復制，如果slave機的io線程再次開啟，復制將自動切換到半同步方式
slave機
mysql> stop slave io_thread;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)master機
mysql> insert into user.usertb values('zhangxueyou','22');
Query OK, 1 row affected (10.45 sec)
mysql> show status like 'rpl%';
+--------------------------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------------------------+-------+
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_clients | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_net_avg_wait_time | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_net_wait_time | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_net_waits | 1 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_no_times | 1 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_no_tx | 1 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_status | OFF |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_timefunc_failures | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_tx_avg_wait_time | 1372 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_tx_wait_time | 1372 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_tx_waits | 1 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_pos_backtraverse | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_sessions | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_yes_tx | 1 |
+--------------------------------------------+-------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)四、并行復制
1、查看從庫的sql類型
mysql> show processlist;
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------+-------+--------------------------------------------------------+------------------+
| Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------+-------+--------------------------------------------------------+------------------+
| 1 | system user | | NULL | Connect | 52393 | Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates | NULL |
| 2 | system user | | NULL | Connect | 415 | Waiting for master to send event | NULL |
| 7 | root | localhost | NULL | Query | 0 | starting | show processlist |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------+-------+--------------------------------------------------------+------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)2、slave機配置
[root@server2 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
slave-parallel-type=LOGICAL_CLOCK
slave-parallel-workers=16 ##線程數
master_info_repository=TABLE ##master_info存儲方式為：table
relay_log_info_repository=TABLE ##relay_log_info存儲方式為：table
relay_log_recovery=ON
[root@server2 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
Stopping mysqld: [ OK ]
Starting mysqld: [ OK ]3、登陸從庫查看sql類型
mysql> show processlist;
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------------------+
| Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------------------+
| 1 | system user | | NULL | Connect | 86 | Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates | NULL |
| 2 | system user | | NULL | Connect | 87 | Waiting for master to send event | NULL |
| 4 | system user | | NULL | Connect | 87 | Waiting for an event from Coordinator | NULL |
| 5 | system user | | NULL | Connect | 87 | Waiting for an event from Coordinator | NULL |
| 6 | system user | | NULL | Connect | 87 | Waiting for an event from Coordinator | NULL |
| 7 | system user | | NULL | Connect | 87 | Waiting for an event from Coordinator | NULL |
| 8 | system user | | NULL | Connect | 87 | Waiting for an event from Coordinator | NULL |
| 9 | system user | | NULL | Connect | 87 | Waiting for an event from Coordinator | NULL |
| 10 | system user | | NULL | Connect | 87 | Waiting for an event from Coordinator | NULL |
| 11 | system user | | NULL | Connect | 87 | Waiting for an event from Coordinator | NULL |
| 13 | system user | | NULL | Connect | 87 | Waiting for an event from Coordinator | NULL |
| 15 | system user | | NULL | Connect | 87 | Waiting for an event from Coordinator | NULL |
| 16 | system user | | NULL | Connect | 87 | Waiting for an event from Coordinator | NULL |
| 17 | system user | | NULL | Connect | 87 | Waiting for an event from Coordinator | NULL |
| 18 | system user | | NULL | Connect | 87 | Waiting for an event from Coordinator | NULL |
| 19 | system user | | NULL | Connect | 87 | Waiting for an event from Coordinator | NULL |
| 20 | system user | | NULL | Connect | 87 | Waiting for an event from Coordinator | NULL |
| 21 | system user | | NULL | Connect | 87 | Waiting for an event from Coordinator | NULL |
| 22 | root | localhost | NULL | Query | 0 | starting | show processlist |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------------------+
19 rows in set (0.00 sec)查看mysql的表，新增了下面兩個表
mysql> use mysql;
mysql> show tables;
----------------------------
slave_master_info
slave_relay_log_info
----------------------------五、mysql-proxy讀寫分離配置
配置環境
master機：server1（172.25.254.1）
slave機：server2(172.25.254.2)
調度器：server3（172.25.254.3）
1、調度器配置
1、安裝讀寫分離代理mysql-proxy
[root@server3 ~]# ls
mysql-proxy-0.8.5-linux-el6-x86-64bit.tar.gz
[root@server3 ~]# tar zxf mysql-proxy-0.8.5-linux-el6-x86-64bit.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@server3 ~]# cd /usr/local/
[root@server3 local]# ln -s mysql-proxy-0.8.5-linux-el6-x86-64bit/ mysql-proxy
[root@server3 local]# ll
total 44
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jun 28 2011 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jun 28 2011 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jun 28 2011 games
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jun 28 2011 include
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jun 28 2011 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jun 28 2011 lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jun 28 2011 libexec
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 38 Jul 7 16:56 mysql-proxy -> mysql-proxy-0.8.5-linux-el6-x86-64bit/
drwxr-xr-x 8 7161 wheel 4096 Aug 19 2014 mysql-proxy-0.8.5-linux-el6-x86-64bit
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jun 28 2011 sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 4096 Jun 19 23:38 share
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jun 28 2011 src2、為了測試讀寫分離效果，修改lua腳本
[root@server3 local]# cd mysql-proxy/share/doc/mysql-proxy/
[root@server3 mysql-proxy]# vim rw-splitting.lua
38 if not proxy.global.config.rwsplit then
39 proxy.global.config.rwsplit = {
40 min_idle_connections = 1,
41 max_idle_connections = 2, ##表示連接數超過兩個就開始讀寫分離
42
43 is_debug = false
44 }
45 end3、編寫配置文件
[root@server3 mysql-proxy]# pwd
/usr/local/mysql-proxy
[root@server3 mysql-proxy]# mkdir logs
[root@server3 mysql-proxy]# mkdir conf
[root@server3 mysql-proxy]# vim conf/mysql-proxy.conf
1 [mysql-proxy]
2 user=root
3 proxy-address=172.25.254.3:3306
4 proxy-read-only-backend-addresses=172.25.254.2:3306
5 proxy-backend-addresses=172.25.254.1:3306
6 proxy-lua-script=/usr/local/mysql-proxy/share/doc/mysql-proxy/rw-splitting.l ua
7 log-file=/usr/local/mysql-proxy/logs/mysql-proxy.log
8 log-level=debug
9 daemon=true
10 keepalive=true3、啟動mysql-proxy
[root@server3 mysql-proxy]# /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxy --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf/mysql-proxy.conf ##第一次啟動失敗，原因是因為配置文件權限過大
2018-07-07 17:13:41: (critical) mysql-proxy-cli.c:326: loading config from '/usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf/mysql-proxy.conf' failed: permissions of /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf/mysql-proxy.conf aren't secure (0660 or stricter required)
2018-07-07 17:13:41: (message) Initiating shutdown, requested from mysql-proxy-cli.c:328
2018-07-07 17:13:41: (message) shutting down normally, exit code is: 1
[root@server3 mysql-proxy]# chmod 550 conf/mysql-proxy.conf
[root@server3 mysql-proxy]# /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxy --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf/mysql-proxy.conf ##再次啟動成功測試：
1、master機授權用戶可遠程登陸：
mysql> grant select,insert,update on user.* to wuyanzu@'172.25.254.%' identified by 'Wuyanzu+007';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.36 sec)2、master機和slave機安裝lsof，以便查看效果
3、物理機拿三個shell測試
[root@foundation77 ~]# mysql -h 172.25.254.3 -u wuyanzu -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 9
Server version: 5.7.17-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MySQL [(none)]> master機查看
[root@server1 ~]# lsof -i :3306
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
mysqld 1168 mysql 34u IPv6 8487 0t0 TCP *:mysql (LISTEN)
mysqld 1168 mysql 52u IPv6 9264 0t0 TCP server1:mysql->server3:51667 (ESTABLISHED)
mysqld 1168 mysql 53u IPv6 9165 0t0 TCP server1:mysql->server2:57130 (ESTABLISHED)
mysqld 1168 mysql 55u IPv6 9265 0t0 TCP server1:mysql->server3:51668 (ESTABLISHED)slave機查看
[root@server2 ~]# lsof -i :3306
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
mysqld 1705 mysql 32u IPv6 9424 0t0 TCP *:mysql (LISTEN)
mysqld 1705 mysql 48u IPv6 9577 0t0 TCP server2:mysql->server3:60675 (ESTABLISHED)
mysqld 1705 mysql 50u IPv4 9438 0t0 TCP server2:57130->server1:mysql (ESTABLISHED)我們在連接slave機的客戶端上寫入數據，看是否寫入到master機，如果寫入，表示讀寫分離成功
連接slave機客戶端寫入
MySQL [user]> show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_user |
+----------------+
| usertb |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
MySQL [user]> insert into user.usertn values('huge','23');
ERROR 1146 (42S02): Table 'user.usertn' doesn't exist
MySQL [user]> insert into user.usertb values('huge','23');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.38 sec)master機查看
mysql> select * from user.usertb;
+-------------+-----+
| username | age |
+-------------+-----+
| wuyanzu | 18 |
| chenguanxi | 19 |
| zhoujielun | 20 |
| liudehua | 21 |
| zhangxueyou | 22 |
| huge | 23 |
+-------------+-----+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)寫入成功，讀寫分離效果實現
六、分布式mysql配置
1、server1配置
1、配置文件修改
[root@server1 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
29 server_id=1
30 gtid_mode=ON
31 enforce_gtid_consistency=ON
32 master_info_repository=TABLE
33 relay_log_info_repository=TABLE
34 binlog_checksum=NONE
35 log_slave_updates=ON
36 log_bin=binlog
37 binlog_format=ROW
38
39 transaction_write_set_extraction=XXHASH64
40 loose-group_replication_group_name="6884089d-81cd-11e8-b10c-52540013d792" ##uuid 可以在數據庫中用select uuid();查看
41 loose-group_replication_start_on_boot=off
42 loose-group_replication_local_address= "172.25.254.1:24901"
43 loose-group_replication_group_seeds= "172.25.254.1:24901,172.25.254.2:24901, 172.25.254.3:24901"
44 loose-group_replication_bootstrap_group=off
45
46 loose-group_replication_ip_whitelist='127.0.0.1/8,172.25.254.0/24'
47 loose-group_replication_enforce_update_everywhere_checks=true
48 loose-group_replication_single_primary_mode=false2、重置mysql
[root@server1 mysql]# rm -fr *
[root@server1 mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Initializing MySQL database: [ OK ]
Installing validate password plugin: [ OK ]
Starting mysqld: [ OK ]
[root@server1 mysql]# pwd
/var/lib/mysql
[root@server1 mysql]# grep password /var/log/mysqld.log ##查找臨時密碼3、master機配置
[root@server1 mysql]# mysql -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 5
Server version: 5.7.17-log
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> set sql_log_bin=0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> alter user root@localhost identified by 'Wuyanzu+007';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to wuyanzu@'%' identified by 'Wuyanzu+007';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> set sql_log_bin=1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> change master to master_user='wuyanzu',master_password='Wuyanzu+007' for channe
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.65 sec)
mysql> install plugin group_replication soname 'group_replication.so';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.19 sec)
mysql> set global group_replication_bootstrap_group=on;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> start group_replication;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (1.59 sec)
mysql> set global group_replication_bootstrap_group=off;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from performance_schema.replication_group_members;
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+-------------+-------------+--------------+
| CHANNEL_NAME | MEMBER_ID | MEMBER_HOST | MEMBER_PORT | MEMBER_STATE |
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+-------------+-------------+--------------+
| group_replication_applier | 57b54493-81cf-11e8-8a9a-52540013d792 | server1 | 3306 | ONLINE |
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+-------------+-------------+--------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)2、server2配置
1、配置文件
29 server_id=2
30 gtid_mode=ON
31 enforce_gtid_consistency=ON
32 master_info_repository=TABLE
33 relay_log_info_repository=TABLE
34 binlog_checksum=NONE
35 log_slave_updates=ON
36 log_bin=binlog
37 binlog_format=ROW
38
39 transaction_write_set_extraction=XXHASH64
40 loose-group_replication_group_name="6884089d-81cd-11e8-b10c-52540013d792"
41 loose-group_replication_start_on_boot=off
42 loose-group_replication_local_address= "172.25.254.2:24901"
43 loose-group_replication_group_seeds= "172.25.254.1:24901,172.25.254.2:24901,172.25.254.3 :24901"
44 loose-group_replication_bootstrap_group=off
45
46 loose-group_replication_ip_whitelist='127.0.0.1/8,172.25.254.0/24'
47 loose-group_replication_enforce_update_everywhere_checks=true
48 loose-group_replication_single_primary_mode=false2、初始化
[root@server2 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld stop
Stopping mysqld: [ OK ]
[root@server2 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[root@server2 ~]# cd /var/lib/mysql
[root@server2 mysql]# ls
auto.cnf ib_buffer_pool performance_schema server2-relay-bin.000010 user
ca-key.pem ibdata1 private_key.pem server2-relay-bin.index
ca.pem ib_logfile0 public_key.pem server-cert.pem
client-cert.pem ib_logfile1 server2-relay-bin.000008 server-key.pem
client-key.pem mysql server2-relay-bin.000009 sys
[root@server2 mysql]# rm -fr *3、mysql腳本文件修改,注釋掉密碼插件
/etc/init.d/mysqld
111 ret=$?
112 #[ $ret -ne 0 ] && return $ret
113 #initfile="$(install_validate_password_sql_file)"
114 #action $"Installing validate password plugin: " /usr/sbin/mysqld --datadir= "$datadir" --user=mysql --init-file="$initfile"
115 #ret=$?
116 #rm -f "$initfile"
117 chown -R mysql:mysql "$datadir"4、開啟mysql并配置
[root@server2 mysql]# mysql -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.17-log
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> set sql_log_bin=0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> alter user root@localhost identified by 'Wuyanzu+007';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to wuyanzu@'%' identified by 'Wuyanzu+007';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> set sql_log_bin=1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> change master to master_user='wuyanzu',master_password='Wuyanzu+007' for channel 'group_replication_recovery';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.89 sec)
mysql> install plugin group_replication soname 'group_replication.so';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.28 sec)
mysql> set global group_replication_allow_local_disjoint_gtids_join=on;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> start group_replication;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (7.37 sec)
mysql> select * from performance_schema.replication_group_members;
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+-------------+-------------+--------------+
| CHANNEL_NAME | MEMBER_ID | MEMBER_HOST | MEMBER_PORT | MEMBER_STATE |
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+-------------+-------------+--------------+
| group_replication_applier | 57b54493-81cf-11e8-8a9a-52540013d792 | server1 | 3306 | ONLINE |
| group_replication_applier | c33132d0-81d1-11e8-9ff1-525400677cc8 | server2 | 3306 | RECOVERING |
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+-------------+-------------+--------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
###首次查看狀態RECOVERING，有可能是在同步數據，可以等會再查看，
mysql> select * from performance_schema.replication_group_members;
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+-------------+-------------+--------------+
| CHANNEL_NAME | MEMBER_ID | MEMBER_HOST | MEMBER_PORT | MEMBER_STATE |
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+-------------+-------------+--------------+
| group_replication_applier | 57b54493-81cf-11e8-8a9a-52540013d792 | server1 | 3306 | ONLINE |
| group_replication_applier | c33132d0-81d1-11e8-9ff1-525400677cc8 | server2 | 3306 | ONLINE |
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+-------------+-------------+--------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)3、server3配置同server2
[root@server3 mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Initializing MySQL database: [ OK ]
Starting mysqld: [ OK ]
[root@server3 mysql]# grep password /var/log/mysqld.log
2018-07-07T10:57:25.628882Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: p&,!dOLNA83p
2018-07-07T10:58:12.128260Z 3 [Note] Access denied for user 'UNKNOWN_MYSQL_USER'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
[root@server3 mysql]# mysql -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 5
Server version: 5.7.17-log
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> set sql_log_bin=0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> alter user root@localhost identified by 'Wuyanzu+007';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to wuyanzu@'%' identified by 'Wuyanzu+007';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> set sql_log_bin=1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> change master to master_user='wuyanzu',master_password='Wuyanzu+007' for channel 'group_replication_recovery';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (1.38 sec)
mysql> install plugin group_replication soname 'group_replication.so';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.20 sec)
mysql> set global group_replication_allow_local_disjoint_gtids_join=on;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> start group_replication;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (4.31 sec)
mysql> select * from performance_schema.replication_group_members;
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+-------------+-------------+--------------+
| CHANNEL_NAME | MEMBER_ID | MEMBER_HOST | MEMBER_PORT | MEMBER_STATE |
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+-------------+-------------+--------------+
| group_replication_applier | 57b54493-81cf-11e8-8a9a-52540013d792 | server1 | 3306 | ONLINE |
| group_replication_applier | 88460791-81d4-11e8-a6e6-525400e9cc87 | server3 | 3306 | RECOVERING |
| group_replication_applier | c33132d0-81d1-11e8-9ff1-525400677cc8 | server2 | 3306 | ONLINE |
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+-------------+-------------+--------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from performance_schema.replication_group_members;
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+-------------+-------------+--------------+
| CHANNEL_NAME | MEMBER_ID | MEMBER_HOST | MEMBER_PORT | MEMBER_STATE |
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+-------------+-------------+--------------+
| group_replication_applier | 57b54493-81cf-11e8-8a9a-52540013d792 | server1 | 3306 | ONLINE |
| group_replication_applier | 88460791-81d4-11e8-a6e6-525400e9cc87 | server3 | 3306 | ONLINE |
| group_replication_applier | c33132d0-81d1-11e8-9ff1-525400677cc8 | server2 | 3306 | ONLINE |
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+-------------+-------------+--------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
4、測試：
server3寫入
mysql> create database test;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.26 sec)
mysql> use test;
Database changed
mysql> create table t1 (c1 int primary key,c2 text not null); ##插入表時需要設置主鍵
Query OK, 0 rows affected (1.11 sec)
mysql> insert into t1 values(1,'wuyanzu');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.24 sec)server2查看
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
| test |
| westos |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use test;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_test |
+----------------+
| t1 |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from t1;
+----+---------+
| c1 | c2 |
+----+---------+
| 1 | wuyanzu |
+----+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
版權聲明：本文為weixin_41789003原創文章，遵循 CC 4.0 BY-SA 版權協議，轉載請附上原文出處鏈接和本聲明。
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